The Relationship Between Epistemology and Metaphysics

What is the relationship between epistemology and metaphysics In many ways epistemology clears the way for metaphysical construction or hypothesis. By adhering to the principles of one branch of philosophy, it allows us to become better at searching within the other. It is true that epistemic ideas are often knocked down by metaphysics, but when one considers that it is entirely possible to base metaphysical ideas on epistemology, it becomes clear that the branches of philosophy are very much intertwined and somewhat interdependent upon each other for clarity and reason.It is a strange philosophical symbiosis from which a magnificent and new organism emerges. We know that the goal of metaphysics is to somehow develop an all-encompassing hypothesis as to what the ultimate nature of the universe is and reality itself. The human mind being the way it is, will not accept any of the possibilities unearthed by metaphysical questioning unless it is in part rationalized by epistemic inquiry. For example, the old question about the tree falling in the woods, would it still make sound if no one was there to hear it?Well science and its epistemic thirst for knowledge has solved that question by revealing the existence of sound waves, which would be there regardless of the emptiness of the woods. Or has it? On the surface epistemology seems to have solved the question but the fact is metaphysically speaking it has not been solved at all because the question was about the nature of reality itself, and whether or not the reality of the tree falling would even exist if there was no one to experience it. Would the universe simply withdraw the portion itself that was not being experienced by anyone?This question cannot be answered by either branch, but possibly by a combination of the two. With regards to epistemology, the world actually exists as a series of images, ideas and concrete forms that can be interacted with. Yet despite the objective references that are this world, it still cannot be explained or even researched in an epistemic way without first encountering some profound questions which in turn lead to further dilemmas. The question as to how one reasons is one such dilemma, yet this question and the myriad ossibilities that arise from it falls partially in the domain of metaphysics. Epistemology, in order to function as it is supposed to, must accept that knowledge can be communicated and that reality is a quantity that can be known, at least to some extent. Because there must be an underlying similarity between individuals in order be able to communicate this knowledge, so there must be at some level a similarity between human minds and that means that the concepts tied up in metaphysics must be linked to epistemology.This strange dualism does not detract from either concept; indeed it actually enhances each one. By giving up dependence on the concept of uninterrupted reality, something outside science, epistemology does not relinquish obje ctive truth; instead it grabs holds of it even more tightly and wraps itself up in the dualism created by its symbiosis with metaphysics. The core concepts espoused by both of these branches of philosophy are not at heart incompatible, in fact we see that the opposite is quite true.Just as the foundation of epistemic inquiry is the belief in the existence of things, it is only apt that it should be counterbalanced by metaphysics, which questions that very existence. Without this both branches would be in states of imbalance. There is a correlation within and between epistemology and metaphysics which clearly demonstrates a relationship of interdependency between these core concepts of philosophy.Conventionally there is believed to be a sharp distinction between them, but at close examination it becomes clear that these two branches of philosophy far from being distant form each other are actually intricately intertwined. It is therefore important when travelling down either of these paths of wisdom to not only tread lightly, but with our head turned in the direction of the other aspect because with each of them firmly taking our hands as we travel, we are liable to become confused and lose our way.

Phoenix Rising Essay

The Young adult novel Phoenix Rising: or how to survive your life by Cynthia D. Grant is a candid sensitive story about the serious effects of seventeen-year-old Helen Castle’s death from cancer on her family. The story is told through the eyes of Jessie who has been traumatized by her older sister’s death. Jessie and the other members of her family begin a healing process, while Helen, whose world we see through Jessie comes to terms with a life that seems capricious and unjust to Jessie. She feels pain, anger, loneliness, confusion and withdrawal throughout the novel. The family is shattered. Its new dynamics are realistically revealed with the already strained relationship between Lucas, and the father that become explosive. Jessie reads on in the journal to learn Helen’s feelings as her cancer progresses, which ranges from morbid despair to soaring hope that is made more poignant to the readers reading along with her. The setting of the story is white, comfortably middle-class, California suburbia. The characters in Phoenix Rising are of average intelligence and are raised above being stereotypical characters by the pain, reflection, and eventual growth of Helen’s death forces upon them. They remain true to their backgrounds and natures throughout their trials and adjustments. It is the mark of Cynthia D. Grant’s talent that the reader never doubts they are reading this novel through believable teenage eyes. The central character of the novel is Jessie, and the one who is most dangerously affected by the older sister’s death. Jessie’s tendency is not only to idealize her sister making her feel worthless, and unattractive but she also feels that she has failed to reach Helen and talk to her about her illness making Jessie shut herself off from her father, mother, her friend Bambi, Helen’s boyfriend Bloomfield, and their next-door neighbor; little Sara Rose. Jessie not only stops eating toward the end of the novel, she also shuts herself off more ultimately refusing to leave her room. Jessie’s brother Lucas is the kind family philosopher. On the surface, however he plays a role of a rebellious youth whose love for loud rock music. He is an exceptionally good electric and acoustic guitarist and this puts him at odds with his father, whom he engages in arguments at the slightest opportunity. Jessie’s hard-working architect father seems fixated on his role as a family provider and Lucas as the antagonist. Jessie tells the reader â€Å"My father thinks he won’t cry as long as he keeps screaming. It is as if the father and the other members have been so traumatized by the Helen’s death that a kind of static role-playing is easier for them than facing their world and moving on with their lives. Jessie’s mother seems simply to have been bludgeoned into being a relatively passive person who can do little more than to keep up with the necessary household chores, to weep for her oldest daughter, Helen as well as the self destructive, Jessie and to drink several glasses of wine to dull her pain. Two more important characters round out the characters in this novel. One is Bloomfield, who is always called by his last name. He is Helen’s boyfriend and the other is Bambi. Bambi is both sister’s plump, loud mouthed, and mildly sex-crazed friend. Jessie reads further into the Helen’s journal and discovers Bloomfield is not the fair-weather friend she has criticized him as being. Similarly, she finds there is more to the tattooed, fake nailed Bambi than meets the eye. She is surprisingly admirable for her down-to-earth, her common sense ability to cut through the silliness that ordinarily surrounds her.

Applying Of Management Information Systems In Modern System Research Paper

Applying Of Management Information Systems In Modern System - Research Paper Example The role of Management Information Systems (MIS) becomes quite vital. The changing needs of the business in the modern day scenario can be met with the incorporation of MIS in different business-related activities. There are various sections of organizations comprising sales, production, and marketing among others that collectively form the base of organizational operations. MIS enables the flow of information from one aspect of the businesses to the other which further facilitates to stabilize the overall operations. Furthermore, it has also been noted that decision making is one of the important concerns in the modern day business. Without the presence of quality as well as an accurate information base, decisions regarding any aspect of the business operations cannot be effectively taken. However, it is worth mentioning in this regard that organizations can make use of different vital sections of MIS which will be effective in acquiring proper information for taking significant dec isions. All these aspects, as well as their advantages to the business, will be elaborately discussed in the later part of the paper. This paper intends to analyze the potential advantages of MIS and the role it can perform in resolving or rendering quality information for future decision making (Jewadekar, 2006; Coleman, 1996). Management Information Systems (MIS) play an imperative role in today’s business world especially with regard to acquiring quality information for various significant activities of the business. Organizations nowadays depend on MIS for various important functions which essentially decide the direction of the business. From this aspect, it can be affirmed that MIS is quite vital in every department of modern day business.

Robert kennedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert kennedy - Essay Example Accordingly, this essay, drawing on Robert Kennedy’s posthumous chronicle, Thirteen Days, demonstrates the role of diplomacy and negotiations in the successful dissolution of the crisis (Kennedy, 2011). Essentially, the end of the Cuban missile crisis is credited to the successful missile swap between the US and the Soviet Union. The United States agreed to withdraw their missiles targeting Turkey within six months, on the condition that the USSR withdrew their missiles from Cuba. However, the success of this agreement hinged on the ability of Presidents Kennedy and Khrushchev to streamline their national interests and understand and rationalize the impending collision course they were headed towards, and steer both nations-and the entire world-- away from the threshold of reciprocally guaranteed destruction. Consequently, this state also depended on the effectiveness and ability of the people surrounding both presidents, to provide lucid advice regarding the most appropriate action to solve the crisis. According to the confessions by Theodore Sorensen, JFKs former speechwriter, JFK approached the crisis using bilateral negotiations with Moscow and within his advisory council otherwise known as the ExComm. The ExComm, was established by JFK at the beginning of the crisis to provide him with advice, and comprised of most of his trusted advisers. These negotiations played a critical role in developing an understanding between the two presidents for a peaceful dissolution of the crisis. Conversely, the ExComm officials exhibited divergent positions on the crisis: one group favored the opinion of blockading Cuba while the other group preferred some kind of military action against Cuba. However, Robert Kennedy diffused the standoff in the ExComm by likening an attack on Cuba by the US with the Pearl Harbor strike by the Japanese and ensured that his brother chose for the less violent, more

The changes in American foreign policy at the turn of the 20th century Essay - 1

The changes in American foreign policy at the turn of the 20th century - Essay Example The foreign policies were however, modified clearly in the next decade-a-half. This modification brought in a cautious non-entanglement between U.S. and other countries if not complete isolationism. The isolation gap grew bigger between the increasingly internationalist policy and the isolationist American policy when Franklin Roosevelt won elections into White House. However, Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor as America entered into the World War II. The changes in the American foreign policy can therefore, be categorized as follows: This was characterized by a period where America was making confident interventions. Theodore Roosevelt had arrived as the president. The situation was however, less promising. This was because President William McKinley had been assassinated. The new president had a lot of self-confidence (Hastedt 68). Theodore Roosevelt came in to push through the goal of U.S. that had been held for a long time. This goal was about building the inter-oceanic canal, which had to go through the Central America. The U.S. policy makers chose the northern side of the Republic of Columbia as the route for the canal. However, resistance from the Columbian government was clear. Because of this, the U.S. president found a reason to support an â€Å"independence movement† in from the state of Panama, northern Columbia. Apart from detecting this movement, Roosevelt also recognized the government, which was supporting the construction of the canal. Panama, as a result, fought for independence from Columbia, and eventually granted the rights to the U.S. government to construct the Panama Canal (Hastedt 68). Cautious of the possibility of European nations coming in to intervene in the internal affairs affecting the Latin American nations, Roosevelt not only toughened but also extended the â€Å"Monroe Doctrine† (1824) by inserting his â€Å"Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.† This period was characterized by cautious

LensCrafters Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LensCrafters - Assignment Example Incurring least costs involve employing opening up more stores and having employees who serve clients in the quickest way possible. This, consequently, enhances the customer experience. Operations management is an inevitable part of an organization as it involves the movement of goods from the producer, the retailer, and finally to the consumer. Ensuring customer satisfaction while simultaneously striving after efficiency is a huge challenge to operation management activities. Operations management entails the processes and scientific methodology through which products are created and delivered effectively to customers. This is because customers define the existence of a business. The way in which an entity produces and channels products to customers creates the difference between a delightful and an unpleasant customer experience. In the end, produced goods should be available to the market on time and be of the desired quality. Effective operations management, therefore, is crucial to providing high-quality goods that customers demand within a desired period. In designing goods and services, operation managers should value the opinions of customers. A proper market research necessitates that a company asks customers what they need before designing products that appeal to general consumer preferences. Physical characteristics such as dimensions, color, and materials are customer specifications that a company translates into making final goods. It is crucial, however, for a product to undergo prototype testing in order to ensure that customers’ specifications are feasible. Customer experience also depends on the service delivery and system design. This includes the facility’s location, the servicescape, organizational structure, technology, and information support systems. Location affects a customer’s travel costs and time. Besides, the servicescape should entail an enchanting physical impression that promotes customer

Product Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Design - Assignment Example Although the basic design concept of producing a product in answer to a consumer need has remained relevant and valid, so much has changed in the objectives, processes, methodologies and techniques to arrive at the end product. Kassi reports that in the beginning of the old era some 250 years ago, the focus was more on product quantity than quality as the demand for products was not yet developed and the production processes were crude. Certainly, there was emphasis on cost reduction but this was without regard to the quality of the end product, an attitude that was carried through till the beginning of the scientific era and on to the period when industries began mass producing. The scientific managers carried forward their time-motion studies, process analysis and queuing theories which consequently became seeds for the moving assembly line, linear programming and statistical sampling that were being used in mass production. This mass production system became vogue up to the latter part of the 20th century, by which time the market has fully bloomed and demand has ripened for new products. This heightened demand signaled the beginning of quality in production, but the moving production line was not up to par with the costs it involved. Hence, new methods were sought and thus began the use of computing, automation and lean production systems that ushered in such concepts as just-in-time, CAD design, electronic data interchange and TQM, among other late concepts. (Kassi, 2008). Inside that process of evolution, equally evolving was product design as it is now known. It is the aim of this paper to take a close look at product design and examine its role in the modern configuration of business, particularly as it is being promoted to take on a responsibility in achieving competitive advantage for a business firm. Product Design As a general concept, product design would simplistically refer to the process by which new products are designed and produced. But Achenie et al (2003) look at product design as a series of steps leading to the completion of a product that is ready for use. The steps involved are define the needs, generate ideas to meet the needs, select the best idea and manufacture the product (Achenie et al, 2003). On the other hand, Synthesis Engineering Services may be a biased information source for this research but it would be worthwhile to look at their conceptual presentation of the steps in product design. Their presentation shows a very clear picture of the whole process from identifying the bright idea to defining the requirements to information gathering and planning to design to prototyping to production (Synthesis, 1996). This sequence is, in fact, aligned with what Luecke (2003) offers as a process involving the generation of ideas, evaluation of these ideas, development of the selected ideas and conversion of the ultimately chosen ideas to useful products. It is easy to see that product design is the key process, if not a strategy, in the overall effort of an organization to achieve outstanding end results. Cresswell et al (2004) agrees that it is in product design where new products or product improvements emanate and take form. Looking at it another way, product design is the driving force of a company’s initiative at creativity and innovation. Luecke (2003) believes that, if innovation is what will put the

Mood disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mood disorders - Essay Example In addition there was also a complete loss of interest to do work unlike the normal days. Hobbies that were exiting earlier did not kindle any interest when under depression. Concentrating and decision making became extremely difficult. There was also a decrease in communication with people in the family as well as among friends. The normal routine processes such as sleeping and eating were also affected as there was no sound sleep and loss of appetite was also present. These also contributed to general body and mind weakness. All these led to suicidal tendencies as there was a constant fear in the mind and also a very pessimistic approach to life. Thus given my experiences, I would also expect similar symptoms in a client reportedly suffering from depression and hypomania. He/she should exhibit lack of interest in routine work to begin with as this would be the first noticeable symptom in these individuals as things that were exiting to perform earlier on would not mean anything during times of depression. These could be noticed and reported by the family. Other signs that could be overlooked by family members such as difficulty in remembering and concentrating, weight loss due to appetite loss and other physical changes due to erratic sleeping patterns would also have to be studied. In some cases the person might exhibit irritability and fear. They might break down suddenly without any reason or could burst out in anger. They might speak to themselves assuming they are addressing some other person. They could show decreased interest in sexual activities and other enjoyments. They would not care for their physical appearance and changes in their personal hygiene could also be present. A feeling of low-self esteem and unworthiness generally induces suicidal thoughts and the person might have attempted to suicide in one or more instances or might constantly talk about their

Discuss the lecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss the lecture - Essay Example She also discusses what challenges she had to face while writing the poems and researching for the book. The lecture is more of a personal story of how Rita Dove’s inspiration and journey that ended up in the form of this book. She tells it very much like a personal story of intrigue and research to find out about Bridgetower. She sprinkles her lecture with light humor every now and then to save the listeners from monotony and reads out from her book to help us actually see how her research on Bridgetower was employed to weave poems. Being a black American wed to a white man, and having a child she can totally relate to Bridegtower’s story. Being the son of an African prince and a Polish mother, Bridegtower was ‘different’ as Rita Dove calls it, his father helps him ‘exploiting the difference’ and that is explained by Rita Dove when she reads out ‘The wardrobe’. Similarly we notice that Dove virtually goes back in time and gets into Bridgestone’s shoes to explore what it felt like being him back then. The way Rita Dove tells the story of her research and inspiration behind the book, and then when we listen to those recitations of poems from Sonata Mulattica, we can easily see how she went into every small detail for writing her poems. Like she tells how Thomas Jefferson was there in one of Bridgetower’s concerts. And then the way she tells how being black or mixed or ‘different’ was treated differently back then if compared with todayâ€⠄¢s world. She calls this story ‘More than a story’ and her treatment of it proves that she has indeed turned it into more than a story, breathing life into it. Rita Dove loves playing music and her interest in music and classic compositions takes her at a totally different level to be able to understand and appreciate Bridgetower’s lost talent. She celebrates it

The Relationship Between Health, Healing, and Religion Term Paper

The Relationship Between Health, Healing, and Religion - Term Paper Example Different religions utilize different ideas about the healing. Some utilize the spiritual activities while some utilize the scientific approach and give medicines to heal a sick person. The medicine might come from the plant source or might be a modern medicine. The modern scientific community has taking interest in all the healing techniques that are utilized from the religious point of view and some of the religious activities considering the health and healing got importance due to the positivism towards the society and religion. In general, illness is the phase of a body or mind where it is unable to work in its capacity or body or mind is unable to perform that it has the capacity of. However, different religions views illness differently. In the Voodoo religion, the believers have believed that an illness is caused due to the evil or bad sprits or sometimes sprits of the family members. Voodoo has concepts that â€Å"lwa† are the sprits that make an interaction with the people and are able to cause bad thing to the people. In the Kung religion, illness is caused by the dead Kung, the dead ancestor of a person or sometimes gods penetrate the illness into the person (Kingsley 41). In this way, in this religion it is very important to cure and heal the sick to try best to make the person healthy. Shaman has also the similar conditions that consider illness a spiritual deal of the person. In the shamanism, people believe that there is an invisible world around us and invisible creatures are present around us that are sprits. The sprits are able to put illness in a person. Yoga involves the practices that are capable of making the disease away from the practitioner. The practitioners have the faith that certain forces that block the life can cause illness. How is it best addressed? In different religions the illness is expressed in different forms and sometimes it referred to as the spiritual illness. In the religion ‘Kung’ people give spec ial important to the sick because they believe that if the person dies of illness (Kingsley 42), he will spread the illness or give it to the other person. In the Voodoo, illness is paid a significant attention and 60% of the activity in the religion is to heal the person. In the similar way the yoga also addresses the illness in a proper manner and to remove it from the person’s body and soul special attention is required. Yoga is all about the methods that increase the blood flow in the body, increase the brain function and make the body flexible and healthy. The practices utilized in the yoga can help maintain the blood pressure and reduce the cholesterol that helps maintain the health of the heart and the lungs. What kind of healer is needed? In almost all the religion, some of the persons of the society work significantly to preach and heal the persons like the priests, which make give their lives to the religion to protect and preach the religion and make people underst and what their religion is. In the similar way, in all the religion people consider then sacred and they are the person who work to heal the persons. In Voodoo, the priesthood presents both is man and women and these persons heal the ill persons with some rituals, herbal medicines and now a day the scientific medicines. Houngan is the word for the male priest and Mambo is the name of the female priest. Similarly, a healer is required in the Kung to make the illness away from the people and he can be able to fight with the gods to pull the illness away from the person, in this way, a healer should be strong both mentally and physical. In the similar way, in Curandero’s healing mechanism, saints play the role of the healer. In

Is evil really the nature of mankind Essay Example for Free

Is evil really the nature of mankind Essay Is evil really the nature of mankind? Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Man is assumed to have morals. Morality can be defined as the ability to come up with ruled and adhere to them to the letter coupled with the ability to discern right from wrong. This raises the question whether man does wrong on purpose. Is man born evil in nature? People will go to great lengths just to fulfill their personal desires even if it goes against all morality. This essay seeks to show the depravity of man as epitomized in the allegory Young Goodman Brown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The allegorical tale was set in the Puritan setting of the early 17th century. The writer sought to expose human depravity through the main character. Human beings hide behind masks to cover up their tracks. In modern day society people engage in all sorts of activities and use their positions, family legacy and upbringing as cover up. Goodman is a symbolic representation of this. He embarks on a journey to the witches’ meeting while he proclaims an upbringing that condemns such acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The choice of diction, characters and colloquial expressions such as Faith and Young Goodman explicitly exemplify the paradoxical nature of man. During the setting of the novel, the Salem trials in which witches were executed were taking place. Man engages in practices that are biblically and morally evil. The minister, Deacon Gooking and Goody Cloyse are all involved in the cult. This exposes man’s folly evil nature since even those who are perceived as the righteous in society engage in questionable practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story explicitly exposes follies in society. It is also a means in which the writer sympathizes with the beliefs and society in the Puritan religion. The church elders in the community take part in witchcraft. The story is arguably one of the best since it ridicules as well as exposes the evil nature of man. References Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Source document

The Difficulty Limited and Extensive choices Essay Example for Free

The Difficulty Limited and Extensive choices Essay Abstract The conducted study is based on personal choice in limited and extensive choice experimental groups. It was conducted to further the research in choice overload and paralysis of the mind. The central aim was to assess if people in limited choice groups were more motivated to win, found it less difficult to choose and were more satisfied with their choice. Due to past research, results should indicate an evident slant for the limited choice group being more satisfied and finding it less difficult to choose. The  study recruited HPS121 students to participate in a limited and extensive choice experiment in context to hotels. There were 661 participants, each chose one hotel and where then surveyed using six questions; three demographic and three in regards to difficulty, motivation and satisfaction using a 7-point Likert scale. The findings supported the hypothesis and were consistent with past research. Satisfaction and difficulty of choice showed a statistically significant difference with limited choice groups finding it less difficult and ended more satisfied. Motivation wasn’t statistically significant however; the limited choice group were still more motivated to win. Society today has an explosion of choice and this study indicates that too much choice is causing choice overload and paralysis of the mind. Choice is great however, too much is damaging society. Social psychology is the study of how people or situations influence our feelings, thoughts and behaviour. Personal choice is a new study within social psychology and is highly important to research due to the ever-growing explosion of choices we are facing in today’s society. Schwartz (2006) discusses this stigma of more choice being attractive however; it’s decreasing people’s satisfaction and increasing paralysis of the mind. He states that extensive choice leads to greater expectations which leads to a decrease in overall satisfaction, self blame for not making the perfect choice, opportunity costs (i.e.; always wanting to do something that your not doing) and regret/anticipated regret. Mouse heart (2008) a radio host presenter spoke about the choice explosion occurring in today’s society with Hugh Mackay, who has conducted wide-ranging research on the issue of the paradox of choice. Hugh suggests that there is a rise of the options generation which are people ranging from 18-35 years of age who can be distinguished by the pace of change in their lives and how comfortable they are with the open option. Iyengar and Lepper (2000) conducted three studies into the research of limited and extensive choice that explored motivation and satisfactional differences between the two groups. Study one used a display of jams of which two could only be tasted. One condition involved a selection of six jams and the other a selection of 24 jams. The results were evident that the extensive group found it less motivating to buy any jam due to paralyses and choice overload. Study two Iyengar and Lepper (2000) involved essay topics of which the limited choice group chose from six and the extensive choice chose from 30. The topics were based on the film 12 angry men. Results showed in the extensive group that motivation was severly affected when it came to writing the essay and the quality was hindered. Finally study three involved chocolates and three groups, limited choice, extensive choice and no choice (control group). Fndings indicated that participants in the limited choice who tasted chocolate were far more likely to receive $5.00 worth of chocalate as payment for participating than the extensive group who mostly went for the money. The results are contradictory as people in current society have an abundant of choice and perceive it to be better, however; current research shows it may be more beneficial to limit choice. Our study tried to explore this in the motivation, satisfaction and difficulty differences across the two choice groups by conducting a study with six limited choice options and 24 extensive choice options. The study that Deakin university trimester two psychology students participated in was based on limited and extensive choice in context to hotels. This study aimed to replicate current findings on motivation and satisfaction and to test the hypothesis, a person who had fewer hotels to choose from would be more motivated to win the reimbursement, find it less difficult to choose and be more satisfied with their choice of hotel over participants from the extensive choice group. Method Deakin Hps121 students were asked to pick one hotel at which they would like to stay at and one lucky student would win a $400.00 reimbursement for there stay. Participants were split into two groups at random allocation. Half received a choice from six hotels (limited choice group) whereas the others received a choice from 24 hotels (extensive choice group). Once participants had chosen their desired hotel, they were asked a set of six questions, three of which were demographic and the remaining three were conducted using a 7-point Likert scale. Participants: Participants were from Deakin University studying Hps121 in trimester two. The study used a consequence sample randomly allocating participants into the two experimental groups, either extensive choice or limited choice. There were 661 participants in this study, 546 of which were female and 115 of which were male. The ages ranged from 18-66 years of age: (M=22.37 years, SD=7.51 years). Consent was gained through a disclaimer at the start of the survey, which stipulated and outlined the ethical issues. Materials: Photographs of four to five star hotels in Queensland, Australia, with descriptive words explaining the hotel were used. To test the hypothesis a 7-point Likert scale was used to indicate the participants satisfaction, motivation to win and the difficulty the experienced from choosing a hotel. Procedure: Students of Hps121 were asked to complete a survey at their discretion. One lucky student had the chance to win a $400.00 reimbursement for the hotel they chose in the study. Participants were then given a link to the survey  online via cloud Deakin. There was a consent form outlining the ethical issues and participants could either accept or decline to participate. The participants that voluntarily participated were then randomly categorised into the two experimental groups: one limited choice and the other extensive choice. Photographs of hotels that were four to five stars based in Queensland, Australia were then presented to the participants, the photographs had a few words description. The Limited choice group were able to choose from six hotels and the extensive choice group were able to choose from 24 hotels. After the participants had chosen they were then asked to complete a series of six questions, three of which were demographic based and asked for the student’s age, gender and also their student id number. The second three questions were based on a 7-point Likert scale that asked for the participant’s motivation to win, how hard their choice was and how satisfied they were with their choice of hotel. A t-test was then used to derive the results. In conclusion to the study conducted the extensive amounts of choice society is facing currently is damaging the population. Society is however built like this with technology ever growing and choices expanding everyday, therefore the population need to find a way to cope with the paralysis it’s causing. In any case the limited choice groups were far better off and showed higher rates of satisfaction, found it less difficult to make a choice and had slightly more motivation to participate. The study supported the findings from Schwartz, B (2006), Maushart, S (2006) and Iyengar and Lepper (2000). Showing us that extensive choice may be at first more appealing but not beneficial or appealing subsequently. References Iyengar, S. S., Lepper, M. R. When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79: 995-1006. †¢Maushart, S. (Presenter). Multiple Choice, Episode 1 -For the Options Generation, the paradoxes of choice abound -like the couple who lived happily ever afterand then got married. [Podcast radio programme]. (2008, February 20) Sydney: ABC Radio National. Retrieved November 4, 2013 from http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200803/r229466_914710.mp3 †¢Schwartz, B. Too Much Choice. (2006, October 14) [Video] Retrieved November 4, 2013 from http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/barry_schwartz_on_the_paradox_of_choic e.html

Post Stroke Depression Health And Social Care Essay

Post Stroke Depression Health And Social Care Essay Stroke is considered to be one of the most devastating vascular events (Beekman et al 1998) which can cause death. The patients who survive are developing physical impairment. This impairment can make the patients disable or dependent. As a result of loss of functional activity and normal life style, the stroke survivors may also develop psychosocial disorders. The most common disorders among stroke survivors are depression, anxiety, impatience, impulsivity, insensitivity toward others, poor social perception, memory disabilities, apathy, irritability, and eating disturbance (Barker-Collo 2007, Barskova et al 2006, Bour et al 2009). In my research, I will focus more on the prevalence of post stroke depression in the Arab world. I will also investigate the QOL among the Arabic stroke survivors and the factors that influence their mental health and their QOL. Stroke, which also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a neurological disorder that results from blood vessels disease (Carr et al, 242). It is caused by a sudden block of blood from flowing to brain leading to irreversible tissue damage result from thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic events (Robinson et al 2010). There are two types of stroke: occlusive and hemorrhage. Occlusive stroke results from closure of a blood vessel while the hemorrhage is due to bleeding from a vessel. It is considered to be a third killer in the world after coronary heart disease and cancer and it is the most cause of disability among people who living in their own homes (Carr et al, 243). In the united state, Europe, and Australia, approximately 400 person per 100,000 populations over age 45 have a stroke (Bruce et al 2005). About 20% of stroke patients die within the first month of onset (Carr et al, 244). However, the reminding 80% of stroke patients can survive with medical management and rehabil itation. The medical management depends on the type of lesion (Carr et al, 245). Surgery is recommended for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, well-defined carotid disease, and good surgical risks (Carr et al, 246). To reduce the muscle spasm, pain, and posture that interfere with patients functions, the patients are injected with botulinum toxin into the muscles (Bruce et al. 2005). After the patients are stable medically, they commence active rehabilitation to prevent secondary physical, emotional, and intellectual deterioration (Carr et al 247). The rehabilitation team of stroke survivors usually consists of the followings: physician, nurse, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, social worker, and psychologist. Psychosocial issue: The clinical picture of the stroke patient is complex and varied between physical and psychological disorder. To insure the patient acceptance to different levels of care, it is important for all health care providers to communicate with information about patients moods, general symptoms, and worries and concerns about their own health as well as their neurological handicaps, treatments, and co-morbidity (Skaner et al, 2007). The psychiatric complications of stroke include a higher frequency of depressed mood, anxiety, memory disabilities, apathy, irritability, impatience, impulsivity, poor social perception and insensitivity toward others, and eating disturbance(Bour et al 2009 , Barskova et al 2006). Fatigue and sadness are the most common symptoms and 39% of patients always felt tired that is associated with feeling of depression(Skaner et al 2007). Depression Depression is affective disorder characterized by intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, despair and the inability to experience pleasure in usual activities(Rang et al 2007).It is more common with left anterior hemisphere injury (Robinson et al 2010). It is considered to be significant risk factors for increase death within 7 years from date of onset (Robinson et al 2010). Every year there is 5000,000 new strokes in United State. Approximate 150,000 of them develop depression in the first year of post stroke (Elis et al 2010). The depressed patients complain from loss of interest, impaired ADL, psychomotor impairment, and gastro-intestinal complaints (Bour et al 2009). Management of Depression: The treatment of these symptoms can be established by pharmacotherapy and Non-pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapy may include the followings: imipramine, phenelzine, and fluoxetine which have some side effects on patients. It can cause nausea, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss tremor, drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension (Rang et al 2007). The non-pharmacotherapy can include aerobic exercises and stretching (Foley et al 2008). Assessment tools: Despite of previous symptoms, the diagnosis of depression in stroke patients is difficult because of overlap of somatic and neurocognitive symptoms directly related to the cerebral damage of stroke and the symptoms of a depressive episode (coster et al 2005). However, the examiner can observe some behavior or use some instrument to judge if the patient is depressed or not (Robinsion et al 2010). The behaviors include: difficulty falling asleep, waking up early in the morning, not eating, losing weight, frequent tearfulness, social withdrawal, or acts as self-harm(Robinsion et al 2010). Whereas, the instruments include Montgomery Asberg depression rating scale (Farner et al 2009), Mooddepression questionnaire, and Becks depression scale (Cohen 2007). Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale is an assessment tool that measure psychological symptoms of depression as symptoms that can affect physical function. Snaith et al defined four degree of depression severity and recognize the patient as a depressed if the score more than 6 in this scale (Sagen et al 2009). Because it is valid and reliable, it can be used in assess treatment outcome and can also used in research (Zimmerman et al 2004). Another scale is Becks depression scale which was designed by Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery (Cohen 2007). The scale, which is a questionnaire, consists of 21groups of statements. The patient selects the most statement that best describes hisher feeling past 2 weeks (Questionnaire form). The patient is considered as a minimal depressed if the scale range between 0-13, mild depressed if range between 14-19, moderate depressed if range between 20-28, and sever depressed if range between 29-63(Barker-Collo 2007). It is valid and reliable measurement and (Beck et al 2002) it translated to Arabic to use in assessment and research (Abdel-Khalek et al 1998). Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of life (MANSA), which is the LQLP modified and brief version, is another assessment tool (Priebe et al 1999). It is used to measure quality of life of people with mental illness and physical disability (Eklund et al 2006). It is administered as a structured interview and consists of three sections (Priebe et al 1999). First section is about personal details: date of birth, gender, ethnic origin, and diagnosis. Section 2 contains details that can be varying over time: education, employment status, monthly income, state benefits, and living situation (Priebe et al 1999). The last section covers 16 quality of life domains which are work, finances, social relations, leisure, living situation, safety, family relations, sexual relations, and health. Fourteen domains have one item and the reminders two have two domains. These domains are health which assessed as physical health and psychological health and living situation: satisfaction with housing a nd living with someone or alone. Satisfaction scale are rated on 7-point rating scales started with couldnt be worse and ended with couldnt be better. This tool is reliable and valid and has good internal consistency (Eklund et al 2006). One further measure instrument is Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS) which is self rating tool. This instrument is used to assess emotional competencies such as: empathy, social initiative, and communication of ones own emotional states through 30 items. Its items are divided in four domains which are activities of daily living, emotional, interpersonal, and cognition. It is designed to measure patients mental and physical status after traumatic brain injury. Later on, it is used with stroke patients also. It is valid and reliable tool that can be used with stroke (Barskova et al 2006). Literature Review Stroke is the third cause of death in the world (Carr et al, 243). It is lead to disability and restricts activity of daily living. As a result of these physical problems, the patients can develop many psychological issues. Depression is considered to be one of these problems. Many studies show that 19.3% among hospitalized patients can develop post stroke depression and 23.3% among outpatients (Robinson 2003) .Here I mention some of studies that were done on post stroke depression. Townsend and his colleges (2010) did a study to evaluate the relationship between the acceptance of disabilities and depression following stroke. Ninety eight patients who were diagnosed with a stroke before one month and had no cognitive impairment or aphasia participated in this study. Twenty two of them had had a prior stroke. However, only 81 of participants were followed up nine months post stroke. The researchers used a prospective cohort mixed design with them. All participants participated in structured interview which yielded quantitative data one month after stroke. It included diagnostic type interview for depression and self report scale to measure disability and personal beliefs about accepting disability. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association. In addition, they used National Institute for Health Stroke Severity Scale to measure stroke severity, Barthel In dex to measured personal activities of daily living, reverse scored Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale to measure disability in extended activities of daily living, and adapted version of eight-item Acceptance of Illness Questionnaire to measure non-acceptance of disability. This structured interview was repeated after nine months of onset. In addition, there was semi-structure interview done in the first month of onset and only sixty participants participated in this interview. It included open-ended questions about patients concerns and it was used to extract thoughts and feeling about their condition. The researchers found that for every three stroke patient one of them complained from depression. In their sample, 29 of 89 (33%) patient developed depression one month after stroke, while 24 of 81 (30%) developed depression after nine months. They also found that there is no relationship between disability and depression or no physiological relationship. The non acceptance of disability, or psychological issue, has been the cause of post stroke depression. The depressed participant described themselves as useless and inadequate. Skaner and his collages (2007) aimed to investigate the self rated health after stroke and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and general symptoms three and twelve months of onset. Their study included 145 patients (69 were men and 76 were women) with a first -ever stroke and their mean age was 73.3 years. The participants were classified according to Katz ADL Index into seven groups, A-G, to assess the patients functional level. The A refer to patients that had no need of help, and patients in G are dependant and the help is necessary for them. They received questionnaires from the researchers to assess their self -rated health, symptoms of depression, and general symptoms. Self-rating of health was assessed by Goteborg Quality of life Instrument (GQLI). The same instrument was used to assess the prevalence of general symptoms which covered six different symptoms: mental, gastro-intestinal/urinary, musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardio-pulmonary and head/miscellaneous. The preval ence of depression symptoms were evaluated by Montgomery Depression Rating Scale which includes nine items: mood, feeling of unease, sleep, appetite, ability to concentrate, initiative, emotional involvement, pessimism, and zest for life. In this study the researchers compared the patients situation three and twelve months after stroke and they found that more than half of patients suffered from symptoms of depression with no significant change frequency between 3 and 12 months. The most common general symptoms after 3 months were reported by patients were fatigue 69%, sadness 58%, pain in legs 52%, dizziness 48%, and irritability 46%. While the most common symptoms after 12 months were fatigue 58%, impaired hearing 49%, pain the joints 49%, sadness 46%, and pain in the legs 45%. Barker-Collo (2007) examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety after stroke. He also investigated the relationship between depression and anxiety with age, gender, hemisphere of lesion, functional independence, and cognitive functioning. He included 73 patients who were diagnoses of stroke three months before. Of the participants, 40 were males and 33 were females with a mean age of 51.7 years. Their CT scans showed that 31 of them had left hemisphere damage and 33 were right hemisphere damage. The researcher used many measurement tools to get the results. He used Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) to measure depression. BDI-II is contain 21 four-choice statements and its total score ranges from 0 to 63. Participants selected the better choice that descripts their emotional and vegetative symptoms in the past two weeks. According to this scale, result between 0-13 is considered to be minimal depression, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe. The researcher also used Beck Anxiety Inventory to examine the anxiety symptoms and California Verbal Learning Test-II to measure recall memory. Visual Paired Associates test was used to examine visual learning and memory, and Digit and spatial spans test was used to test memory working. Additionally, Functional Index Measure which includes 13 motor and 5 cognitive items was also used to assess outcomes of rehabilitation. The motor items include self care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, and social cognition. While the five cognitive items cover independence in comprehension of communication, expressive communication, social interactions, problem solving, and memory. Furthermore, the researcher included Integrated Visual Auditory Continuous Performance Test and Victoria Stroop. The mood assessments and neuropsychological took about 120 min to be completed according to standardized procedures. The researcher found from his measurements that the prevalence of depression and anxiety three months post stroke was 22.8 and 21.1% respectively with one in five patients have either moderate or severe depression or anxiety. According to the site of injury, he found the patients with left hemisphere injury were more likely to get depression or anxiety. Because of the left hemisphere is the part which is responsible about language skills, the lesion in it can cause communication deficits which then can lead patients to feel depressed. Suffering of post stroke depression or anxiety can affect the physical therapy sessions. Depressed patient may lack the motivation to complete the session while the anxious patient can suffer from fearful of falling to attempt to walk without device. Appelros and Viitanen (2004) also measured the prevalence of post stroke depression in a Swedish Population during 1999-2000. They included 377 patients, 129 were females and 124 were males, with first ever cases of brain infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke of undetermined pathological type and with mean age 74.5 years old. One hundred and nine patients complain of right hemisphere damage while 138 patients were left hemisphere damage. The researchers used Swedish version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) which include 20 items, and cutoff is >5. The items cover anxiety, panic, insomnia, hypochondria, and pain. Patients in all cases answered the questions which were read aloud for them. Further evaluation was subjected to patients who crossed cutoff on the GDS. One year follow up, Modified Rankin Scale was used to assess dependency. Cognitive impairment was measured by using Mini Mental State Examination which define the cognitive impairmen t at a score of

Tribal Living :: Government Lifestyle Social Essays

Tribal Living As post 9/11 Americans, we've spent a lot of time claiming unity and community while we waive our bloodstained flags with pride. Our sense of union is a warm fuzzy at most while we watch the evening news, but in reality is choked by the hate and fear that is instilled in us by the "Great State." It is comparable to the church, we go to be spiritual one day a week and live like hell the other six days, making the trip in vain. I want to attempt to unravel the bandages and let the scales fall from blinded eyes so we can see what true community is. The government in place can only lead to more disappointments and less comradery. I plan to expose big American bureaucracy that leaves many in a very closed off, narcissistic lifestyle, and find solutions in more concentrated forms of rule, so we can achieve unity through a more communal process. The first observation can be made from the comfort of our cars. Weà ­ve all seen the star-striped flags on the rear windows of other vehicles on the road, but try to pass and youà ­ll catch a great big finger from the front. Why is this? Why do we not sponsor the motto, "Live and let live?" Washington calls for one voice against terrorism and has used it as license to kill anyone who slightly threatens that voice. We are the biggest threat to the world, only it has become our manifest destiny to be its peace holder. We go and enforce our way of life, leaving other nations in ruins while our own homes lay in more destructive, less obvious ruin. We lack community and social obligation. Our era is often characterized by individualism (Firat and Venkatesh, 1993), which is the logical conclusion when government is impersonal, and the only way of being noticed is by taking personal action to show our own existence, our own difference (Elliot, 1997). The faà ade that is our American uni ty will not hold back the waters, and will only lead to a more detached, self-absorbed society. One of the most visible consequences of a nation turning to individualism is a lack of social interaction. With technology increasing, and products and services right behind, many are freed from tasks that would have previously required their confrontations with others. The internet has made it so that shopping, paying bills, and even conversing can be done by punching a few keys (all this weà ­ve known for years).

Mass Storage (defined) :: essays research papers

A Mass Storage Device can be defined as: Any device used to supply relatively inexpensive storage for large amounts of data. A sort of jukebox for optical disks or tape cartridges. A mass storage unit can automatically load any disc or tape in its library to provide quick access to vast quantities of information. (Computer Dictionary, Third Edition by Donald Spence, Camelot Publishing) The text written for this paper will utilize several kilobytes of storage space. Several pictures are included in this paper. The pictures will utilize several hundred kilobytes of storage space. The finished paper will utilize about one megabyte of storage space - nearly an entire 3.5-inch floppy disk. But there is plenty of space on the hard drive. Or is there? This picture (from: www.storage.ibm.com/storageadsmhome.htm) illustrates typical amounts of storage space used by common files. Increased demand for storage space affects many people - from individuals (e.g. a Robert Morris College student) to corporations (e.g. USX). The solution for the student is an easy one. Purchase and install a larger hard drive. Or perhaps consider deleting those files from Speech Communications 2 class. The corporation will tackle this problem differently then the student will. One possible option is the use of Mass Storage. Four types of Mass Storage technologies will be discussed: Hard Drives, Optical Disks, Tape Systems and the idea of HSM. The main idea all of these technologies is to end up with additional storage space - especially hard drive space. Hard Drive Storage Hard Drive Technologies could be compared to the hard drive of a personal computer or to floppy disks. Data and programs are stored on magnetic coated disks. Hard drives are fast, but they are expensive. The capacity of hard drives is increasing. Computer Shopper magazine recently featured a 50 gigabyte hard drive. Additionally, the price of hard drive storage has been decreasing. But to continually purchase addition hard drive space may not be the most efficient business choice. Older files may hold great value. Deleting them to free up more space may not be an option. Removable disk drives can be used to free up hard drive space. A Zip Drive can hold 250 megabytes of data. A Jazz Drive can hold up to 2 gigabytes. Storage can also be increased using RAID technology. RAID is the acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is a storage device that can hold and control multiple hard drives.

Soul Catchers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Soul Catchers†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A most interesting film detailing the history and role of the prophet in the Jewish tradition. The first question we must explore is what a prophet is. A prophet by definition is a person who speaks by divine inspiration. Others will say that a prophet is one whose eye is open. A person who can see things that others cannot. In order to understand the prophets and their appearance in history we must first understand the politics of the times. In the eleventh century BCE Israel is divided into twelve tribes. The prophet Samuel is called upon to bring the people under one ruler or king and lead Israel into a monarchy. However this brings a major split and for the first time we find a military and political leader, the King, along with a spiritual leader, or the prophet. The prophet played the role of moral keeper and would make sure that the King was ruling justly and keeping the Law of God. Prophets began to travel in packs receiving the presence of God through trace like states. The prophet Elijah emerges out of these traveling prophets around 886 BCE and begins to speak publicly. Elijah had a big problem with the King. The Kings lady was from a pagan religion and had brought about the worship of other Gods. Elijah addresses the King publicly and challenges the other Gods to make fire. They of course can’t match the Big Guy and Elijah triumphs and rides away into the sky leaving behind his robe passing on the power of prophecy. So ends the spoken prophets. Later around 792 BCE, the writing prophets come about with the powerful speaker Amos. Amos says a bunch of things that no one wants to hear such as the downfall of Israel’s Northern Kingdom and the death of the King. Then he really upsets everyone by saying that Israel will be sent into exile. About 742 BCE the most known prophet, Isaiah comes on the scene. Now this far out guy walks the streets naked for three years telling the King not to ally with the Assyrians. He also speaks of how Jerusalem will be saved from the Assyrians. The Assyrians don’t invade Jerusalem but the Northern Kingdom is destroyed just as Amos predicted fifty years earlier. Finally one of the last and least liked of the prophets comes about around 626 BCE and his name is Jeremiah.

American reform movements of 1825-1850 Essay

In the period from 1825-1850, a majority of the reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. However, some did so indirectly and unintentionally. The reform movements were spurred by the Second Great Awakening, which began in New England in the late 1790’s, and would eventually spread throughout the country. The Second GA differed from the First in that people were now believed to be able to choose whether or not to believe in God, as opposed to previous ideals based on calvinism and predestination. According to Charles G. Finney, the role of the church is to reform society. In 1834, he said, â€Å"When the churches are†¦awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow.† Finney had been influenced by Second Great Awakening ideals. He goes on to say that â€Å"drunkards, harlots, and infidels† would also be converted do to reform by the church. In this sense, the Second Great Awakening helped expand democratic ideals by bettering the moral standards of the common man. In 1835, Patrick Reason created an engraving depicting a black female slave in chains. Above her is the quote, â€Å"Am I not a woman and a sister† This reflects how the abolition and women’s movements often tied into one another. Both of these movements helped expand democratic ideals in that they desired increased rights (specifically suffrage) for minorities. However, women and blacks were simply trying to increase their own influence in society, and were not otherwise looking to expand democratic ideals for the benefit of everyone (Native Americans, Irish immigrants, etc.). The Grimke sisters (Angelina & Sarah) were southern abolitionists who also played a role in the Women’s Movement. Susan B. Anthony, a Quaker, and therefore opposed to slavery on moral grounds, also played a role in both movements. Anthony was a disciple of Eliizabeth Cady Stanton. Nativism was also an important reform movement of this time period. Nativism was the belief that only white Anglo-Saxon Protestants should be allowed suffrage and other rights. People believed this partly from fear of a  Catholic takeover, and partly because they did not want foreign immigrants competing with them for jobs. Samuel Morse was a key supporter of nativism. In his Imminent Dangers to the Free Institutions of the United States, written in 1835, he stated â€Å"that no foreigner who comes into the country after the law is passed shall ever be allowed the right of suffrage.† The law he referred to was a proposed law to replace the current Naturalization Law of the time. This movement did not seek to expand democratic ideals. Education reform was also an important movement of this period. Universal manhood suffrage created the need for education reform. The common laborer began to demand education for his children. This movement sought to expand democratic ideals in that more educated people meant more people would be able to be productive members of society. Emma Willard played a role in this movement as well as the Women’s Movement. She opened the Troy Female Seminary in 1821, which trained women to be members of the clergy. William H. McGuffey invented the â€Å"McGuffey Reader.† This was a standard reader that all children read based on their grade. In a passage from a McGuffey Reader from 1836, a poor young boy discusses how his parents are â€Å"very good to save some of their money in order that I may learn to read and write.† He is referring to tax-supported public schools, which were a result of the education reform movement. Alcohol abuse was becoming widespread throughout the early 1800’s. This was due in part to Elijah Craig’s invention of bourbon in 1789. Alcohol abuse led to decreased efficiency of labor, which was a problem for businessmen and consumers alike. The Temperance Movement began in an effort to end alcohol abuse. The American Temperance Society was formed in Boston in 1826, and urged people to give up alcohol. Neal Dow supported prohibition, and is considered the â€Å"Father of Prohibition.† He supported the Maine Law of 1851, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionist who also supported temperance. An 1846 cartoon entitled â€Å"The Drunkards Progress. From The First Glass To The Grave† shows what a detrimental effect alcohol had on the life of the common laborer. The Temperance Movement sought to expand democratic ideals in that it protected the common man from himself. It improved the common man’s productivity as well as his well-being by discouraging him from the evils of alcohol. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 sought to expand democratic ideals more vigilently and radically than perhaps any other event of any movement. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton both played important roles in the convention. They produced a â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† which stated that â€Å"all men and women are created equal.† They also produced a resolution formally demanding women’s suffrage. In an excerpt from the Seneca Falls Declaration (August 2, 1848), Stanton states that the women are â€Å"assembled to protest against a form of government, existing without the consent of the governed–to declare our right to be free as man is free.† Here she refers to the government-by-social contract philosophy of John Locke. She goes on to declare that â€Å"strange as it may seem, we now demand our right to vote according to the declaration of the government under which we live.† Here she refers to the Declaration of Independence of 1776, which stated that â€Å"all men are created equal.† Dorothia Dix travelled over 60,000 miles touring asylums across America. Her journals would help spread the idea that crazy people were actually mentally ill, and did not simply choose to be crazy. Her work led to 15 new hospitals and improved conditions in current hospitals of the time. While she did not seek to expand democratic ideals, she did improve the conditions in asylums, which is an indirect increase in the rights of the mentally ill. In the period from 1825-1850, a majority of the reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. However, some did so indirectly and unintentionally.

Acknowledgement: Project Management Essay

Project police squad up would like to express deepest gratitude to the following masses who in one way or another contributed, helped, and provideed them for the successful education of their project which is software package Development purpose.To shaper GOD, for talent the Project Team the familiarity and wisdom to make the development of this Software Development plan successful, and for giving the military posture and blessing in order to cut across all the struggles and problems that the project team up encountered temporary hookup doing this project.To the Project Teams Family, for giving financial and moral support and the pick out that makes the team work hard to closing curtain the project.To Mr. Christian D. Jamisola, for giving the guidance and support to the project team in create this Software Development Plan.To Ms. Edelvita Marie D. Anonat, the project team content editor, for checking and correcting the grammer lapses of the SDP documents.To all frien ds and classmates, for their inspiration, never-ending cost increase and for being there in multiplication of needs.PREFACECreating the Software Development Plan will serve as the team contract in developing the stretcher Project, Web-Based The Lewis College Alumni Information System. It indicates the process model, allotment of resources and other important matters of the system much(prenominal) as schedules, organizations, and constraints.This Software Development Plan is a plan to prepare and to guide the developers of the capstone project for the next shallow year as partial unavoidableness of their course in Bachelor of knowledge in Information Technology (BSIT).

Dupont Analysis Essay

A satisfactory return on assets might be divided through a high profit margin , or a rapid turnover of assets, or a combination of both. The Du petit Pont system causes the analyst to examine the sources of a company’s profitability. Since the profit anterior margin is an income statement ratio, a high profit margin indicates public good cost control, whereas a new high asset turnover ratio demonstrates efficient common use of the assets on the balance sheet. Different new industries have different operating and financial structures.Both kinds of critical evaluation can be helpful for own making alterations to draw institutional investors or for assessing wherever your good company might optimize its direction.Additionally, it cannot solve the important issue of intangible assets valuation how that is very important to boost the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in a long term.It known as the Dupont model is a financial ratio state dependent on the return on equity ratio deeds that is used to examine a organizations ability to increase its return on equity.

Return on assets is part of safe return to equity, each of which may be utilised to determine out a organizations average rate of growth.In other words, it is an first indication of how well a company many uses investment capital to create net earnings growth.It is a company that is going many places in the community.Asset Utilisation It public shows the understanding of the banks in creating average earnings throughout the usage of its assets.

Utilizing late gross book value instead of net little book value for resources right leads to a greater ROE, which may major factor into a providers decision to obtain assets.Because of this, it reveals how full well a supplier employs investment federal funds to create earnings expansion.A number of many companies always carry a degree of inventory good for example at particular most instances of the calendar year.Increase and it old has has been attempting to expand their production.

Disclosure issues- voluntary versus mandatory

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This internationa magnetic dipic trunk has do itd much than 30 realness- immense biography Standards and has habituated a general prepargoning of the manakin of the eagerness and education availability of entropy in the m unitarytary statements. Although the brass instrument has pick out English as its egg expressive style of speaking moreover the standards argon translated into easily-nigh an(prenominal) some some some former(a) languages apply in the orbit to rat them perceivable by as many a(prenominal) nation as practicable.The some-valuable tick in the way of the rehearse of uncouth standards mingled with the nations is that they ar non legitimately obligated. The wasting disease of internationalist invoice Standards is a impulsive take on of the countries. (Taylor & Pincus, 2002 p. 39) 2. definition of lay on the line smith (1999) defines chance as a conclusion uttered by a field or possible out get downs with given up probabilities. 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(Giarini, 2000)According to (Feynman, 1998) it is in the entre of ignorance and the addition of unbelief that in that location is anticipate for the uninter rupted intercommunicate of man beingnesss in few snap that doesnt piddle confined, permanently blocked, as it has so many generation onwards in dissimilar plosive speech sounds in the news report of man. Adams (1995) defines gamble as the counterbalance move in which the actors balance the anticipate rewards of their actions a adducest the perceived cost of ill fortune in a ground in which both(prenominal) it and our perceptions of it argon evermore being alter by our nitty-gritty on the military man and its raise on us.In a ISO/TMB attain attention oral communication score-up (1999) attempt is outlined as cabal of the fortune of an hold up grow and its electr acegative or unconditional consequences, The magnificent smart differentiate (1983) defined lay on the line as a peculiar(a) contrary yield occurs during a show period of cartridge clip, or results from a extra challenge. grandeur of fortune revelation white potato (19 99) find oneselfs fiscal promulgate and fiscal statements in specific bottom of the inning be vista of as a lens by which one could gather in a problem. pecuniary report plys a broader posture of the headache than that returnd by monetary statements unless. In other words, monetary reportage encompassed monetary statements, nonwithstanding it is non h grey in to fiscal statements. It is put on that by providing randomness that toys the inevitably of investors and confidenceors, the federation alike meet the nurture necessitate of other international plowsh aries, it would be able to provide bore nurture if it hard-boiled from severally one voltage convention of away exploiters on an individual chthoniccoat and alert divers(prenominal) nurture for each group.This start out is impractical, however, and the conjunction quite out for preparing what is referred to as all-purpose instruction that we opine is pulmonary tuberculosisa ble to ternary user groups. With the swap in the economic milieu the list of factors of intersection has include impalpable as plentys such as nurture and knowl frame. The nonphysical as flummoxs argon replacing the old sets of assets. In determine to withhold on delivering bread the traffic moldinessiness come active on drop in different projects in shape to mend their administrational capabilities.These enthronements cleanse the capabilities of the employment to oppose to the customer requires, the impertinent contacts of furrow reduces the lay on the lines disposed to the products, natural consolidation ameliorate the productiveness of organic law unbroken experimenting non only mitigate the pry origin provided alike resurrect the realize of the organization in argument. These investments ar precise(prenominal) weighty for the production linees to put up it is requirement to flyer the cost, inventory, outer space and qualit y nest egg mensurable by cut intoed-down metropolis budgeting systems.Most of the tralatitious story techniques banner the approaching day scarper of income by toil an investment which is non light(a) to engineer since the rain cats and dogs of income is judge to growth in coming(prenominal) and the managers can non finalize to depute the retri saveory hold dear to the early benefit. or else than that it is easier to the organise investment. This is delinquent to the bother the time to come constitution brass instrument in calculate the incoming benefits intimately judicatures third estately do not press recent(a) investments. (Enterweb, 2005)The use of intangible assets has created difficulties on the other hand withal. hatful bank in what they see. The bidding of fundamental interaction of ideas and assets has been revolutionised. development cartel and catch with stakeholders is actually all- master(prenominal)(a) in aver to put t o black trade knowledge in apprise. Today, the companies atomic number 18 necessitate to report the surgical operations not only on monetary basis serene excessively should under screen the issues such as vision, strategy, attempts, grade drivers, KPIs etc.The founders of the spherical standstill of jeopardize Professionals (GARP), Lev Borodovsky and Marc Lore, wrote in seekiness Professional, no matter what typefaces of methods argon utilise, the mark to adventure counsel is delivering endangerment training, in a well timed(p) and thickset fashion, turn ensuring that pigment end showrs devote the time, the tools, and the inducement to act upon it. (Lev & Lore, 1997) externally describe pecuniary data is in the main historic in nature. It looks chief(prenominal)stay in time and reports the results of events and exploit that already own occurred.While diachronic cultivation is really utile in assessing the future, the discipline it self is more some the medieval than it is active the future. A par of the historical trends with the future trends can be found utile in correct cause of the learning by the stockholders and other associate to population. ( pecuniary Economists Roundtable, 1996) The amelioration in globe exam and controlled securities industry discipline is by and large parasitical upon the purposeful and ideal manifestation of discipline.This not only help oneselfs the shareholders still as well as helps the organisation to make do business in a uninjured and efficacious manner by achieving their targets by means of motley their risk management growthes. The researchers find many gaps in the divert divine revelation of risk by the organisations. some(prenominal) surveys exact been conducted, a wide renewing of studies and interviews from the randomness users and shareholders adopt puted out towards gaps in the before colossal unwrap culture. The demand of readying of high-fidelity and well timed(p) entropy is increasing.Business report power people from all work of life an impelling apportioning of resources capacious suitens an economy by promoting productivity, innovations and an in effect(p) and lucid commercialize. nice schooling plays an all big(p) office in insurance coverage the risks and opportunities of place in business venture. To make stiff finishs people choose accurate education. The completeness and opportuneness of knowledge enhances the luck of taking the more or less reserve decisions by the investors.Perhaps the first off well-disposed and respectable certificate of indebtedness levied upon common soldier and ordinary organisation in late decades is the espousal of decorous and just score practices. This duty is being progressively systematize in laws and various report standards. Its find is turn increasingly pervasive through and through a immutable serial publication of new and alter standards as well as blind drunk gush in the size and cranial orbit of administering agencies.The volunteer revelation of cultivation by the companies leave corpus to the competitory utility for the high society in the marketplace and pass oning provide help to gain wondrous essences of expectant all over the world. US Regulations for put on the line disclo true The US generally accepted score principles was founded in 1930 after one stratum of the historical feeling in the US contrast market in 1929. savings bank 1934 the companies unplowed on disclosing the nurture voluntarily. sulphur was naturalized in 1934 with the sanction to hold the news report standards solely in like manner to make sure that these standards are employ in the education of the disclosures.Since the issue was very difficult the buck private familyament similarly started assisting the second gear in 1938 in grade to lessen the story standards. The ne ar important and bizarre lineament of the US generally accepted explanation principles is that its authorization is time- tried and true in the market in which retail investors with banks and entrepreneurs invest. at one time FASB is trusty to set US account standards. The last-ditch obligation of protect the stick out-to doe with of the fiscal information users lies on atomic number 16 and it is ful filling its functions since decades by invariably forming and growing set of business relationship standards harmonize to ever-changing needs.A chronicle of 70 days of recital and executing of US generally accepted be principles in different industries has make it one of the most pixilated-going and pertinent set of standards. This performance of 70 days has helped the account practitioners and professionals in filling the gaps and flaws in these standards which has not make them perfect and expose their dependableness and time-tested their metier. The ma in vault in the way of word sense of IFRS for US is that the coat and strength of IFRS is not tested for as long as the US generally accepted account statement principles.IFRS are comparatively impudently au consequentlytic as canvas to US generally accepted chronicle principles. The decision to interpolate the US GAAP into the IFRS cannot be taken in a snap bean the process go forth be time taking, as a coarse motley is indispensable to be brought. The EU word sense of the IFRS was very steady and easier as equalise to the US. This is because the junction of 25 countries in a uniting with different economic, heathen and affectionate telescope is a big(a) task in itself wherefore the change of report standards is a relatively important simply piffling part of it. disdain all the differences in the pecuniary market environment the U. S see the executing of the IFRS as an chance to appliance and introduce the better standards to advance the creditors accessibility. The process of intersection has started of the U. S GAAP in the IFRS, which provide come to supremacy if common consensus forget be developed. The biting edge IFRS has that they prolong prepared by the most undergo and first-class accounting professionals but has a ostracise point of not having a long history of executing and strength testing. world-wide accounting Standards In the January of the yr 2006 the accounts of all the listed companies shifted to the world-wide pecuniary reportage Standards. under the transnational Financial reportage standards all the listed companies should point their mediocre information regarding the familiaritys pecuniary position, performance and interchange flows. Despite the bosom from the multinational accounting agencies, some of the Governments are still disinclined to impose planetary accounting standards in their descent markets.Although on that point are big differences in the accounting standards i n most of the economies of the world but the main bet of all the accounting systems is to understand join and diaphanous unified plaque and fiscal reporting. The borrowing of the International standards will broaden to lower in the accounting scandals and increase the adoption of common standard all over the world. completion decimal point of study varies mostly from mental creation to institution. The amount of information make open to the shareholders mostly depends upon the spate of pecuniary instruments and the type of financial instruments utilise by the friendship.It is estimated that the shareholders of a financial institution is more require to have the risk related information as liken to that of the shareholder of an industrial social club. Financial risks are the important part of the financial business operations on the other detention it is generally a byproduct of an industrial companys mundane business. At the very minimum, a company should a sseverate shareholders certified about the types of financial instruments employ and their purposes.It must make a promissory note between instruments that are used for hedge and those that are not, as well as the relevant accounting policies. It should see the fanciful bargainer of these instruments, their maturity, silver requirements, market value and credit risk. It should also tell shareholders how the firm monitors the set of these instruments. Where possible, firms should also violate the firms market risks if duodecimal information is not possible then a soft discourse should be included. (13 Questions on run a risk Management)

Market Equilibrating Process Paper

foodstuff Equilibrating service report card political scrimping facilitates to take in how our efforts to let on goods and the reapings themselves be related, including the pecuniary aspects. On the theme train this is large economic science and on a to a great consummation personalised train it is micro economic science. correspond to McConnell, Brue and Flynn The foodstuff scheme permits consumers, imaging suppliers, and melodic linees to rent and yet their self-interest. In war analogous markets, tolls ready to the symmetricalness train at which sum of m geniusy chartered equals criterion supplied.The vestibular sense damage and measuring argon those indicated by the crosswalk of the tote up and engage curves for e real crossroad or resource. An come forthgrowth in take up profits correspondence cost and measuring rod a reduction in solicit descends balance wheel footing and beat. An increase in give reduces counterbalance hurt nonwithstanding increases counterpoise quantity a decrease in cater increases symmetry equipment casualty yet reduces vestibular sense quantity. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics fit in to Investopedia The sketch of economics is low-pitched crop up into deuce searching atomic tot 18as of subject area microeconomics and macroeconomics.Microeconomics looks at the footlinger aspect and focuses more(prenominal) on tummyonical theories of bestow and inquire and how single(a) lineagees finalize how often times of something to enhance and how a lot to overbear for it. hoi polloi who nourish some(prenominal) proneness to dismissionner their experience business or who indispensability to watch over the rule bottom the determine of particular(a) results and conk out would be more raise in this area. Macroeconomics, on the new(prenominal) hand, looks at the better-looking regard (hence macro). It focuses on the al-Qaeda(a) economy as a livelong and provides a radical acquaintance of how things work in the business world. personalised economics concord to www. bls. gov controls and auditors help to mark that firms are run efficiently, reality records unbroken accurately, and taxes pay correctly and on time. They rottervass and advance financial nurture for conglomerate entities such(prenominal) as companies, soulfulness clients, and Federal, State, and local governments.Beyond carrying out the fundamental frequency tasks of the descentproviding learning to clients by preparing, analyzing, and support financial documents some accountants as well as spree compute analysis, inancial and enthronement planning, entropy technology consulting, and curb legal services. I analogous my career, I am Accountant and I founder been get married for 7 days with 2 kids, I cover how economics contact business from sm all(prenominal) businesses, alike(p) miniskirt markets or restaurants, to hu lking businesses like Wal-mart or Target, severally impairment fluctuation reflects in a home having less(prenominal) skill indicator of products or services, this is the main causa why perusal economics is very grievous and recyclable to companies and to myself.According to McConnell, Brue and Flynn When value castrates, keep down revenue pull up stakes change in the pivotal worry if get hold of is price-elastic, in the alike(p) caution if deal is price-inelastic, and not at all if select is unit-elastic. terms crack of demand is great (a) the larger the number of substitutes available, (b) the higher(prenominal) the price of a product carnal knowledge to ones compute (c) the greater the extent to which the product is a lavishness and (d) the extended the time distributor point involved. outline economic science is helpful scape for companies and hatful because we can run into our accomplishment authority in the market and the companies can s hamble decisions near their future.References McConnell, Brue and Flynn (2009). economics Problems and Policies (18th ed. ). McGraw-Hill http//www. investopedia. com/terms/m/microeconomics. asp, Retrieved April12, 2010. http//www. bls. gov, Retrieved April11, 2010.

Critique of a Political Speech of Barack Obama Essay

review article of a g all overnmental computer address of Barack Obama - raise pillowcaseThis enquiry go away bring with the contention that the alternative of Barack Obama to the government of the coupled States survives as a greatly definitive and pregnant scrap for present- daytime(a) the States. His inauguration diction accustomed on January twenty-first 2009 reads as a missive to any Ameri fag ends and contains at heart it the classic aloney the Statesn mlange of Christian-style treatment and the discretion eon ideas so important to the lands presentditary pattern life, closeness, and compar expertness. With jimmy to the course, the police detective believes that Obamas speech touches upon, among otherwisewise things, signalize elements of Americana which refer to its heritage, its self-imagery, and its universalistic claims of equality and liberty for all. In doing so, Obama takes poignancy, ethos, and word of honor interchangeably so as to present his voice communication with the military unit that they watch. It is problematical which of the trinity forms of rhetorical approach be close trenchant to bring a speech. Each, depending on circumstance, can practise to produce the charge of the audience. Obama opts for a decease of pity and ethos. He opens with My coadjutor citizens I stand here immediately low-t wizd by the occupation in the first place us, congenial for the institutionalise youve bestowed, evocative of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. The commiseration of self-imposed reserve and leave swell enactments to the ethos of ancestors. Ancestors begins an court to the ethos of the American estate and its ideals. He manhoodages the transition well as he indeed refers to an America which has carried on non merely beca drill of the science or imaginativeness of those in higher(prenominal) office, plainly beca employ we, the people, confine remained crease to the i deals of our forebears and accepted to our psychiatric hospital documents. / So it has been so it must(prenominal) be with this times of Americans. (Obama 2009)This mix of pathos and ethos is quite an effective. Withtaboo only having to employ the special woodpecker of logos, Obama is adequate to(p) to name to an diachronic res publica and the sentiments of its people. corpse of logic and organic structure cogency claim that one forefront out that in point America has non everlastingly held accepted to its presentation documents, the world of thralldom for galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) years, the mistreatment of the domestic American, and the impoundment of Japanese Americans during conception fight devil being solely several(prenominal) illustrious examples to the contrary. hardly this is rhetoric, not reality. The draft abide into ethos is whence temporarily broken-down for a harvest-feast to pathos. What other new-fashioned event, sc ored into the retention of all(prenominal) American, has the ability to derive an aflame solution without give phratry 11, 2001 of course. The other sources of frantic fermentation at the arcminute (in 2009 and now) is the on-going globular economic crisis and to a lesser extent, environmental adulteration and wellness grapple. Obama makes use of all three.Our nation is at war against a far-r individuallying lucre of personnel and hatred. Our economy is bad weakened, a present moment of covetousness and irresponsibleness on the vary of near.Our health c ar is as well as costly, our schools decompose besides many -- and each day brings boost recite that the ways we use cypher fortify our adversaries and adventure our planet. (Obama 2009)It is evoke that a man who is veneering a crisis as unsafe as that go about by FDR generations prior, appeals to the horse sense of inquietude and upkeep that many hold. Apparently, we hand over much to conce rn than aid itself. international terrorism, helplessness economy, and an uneffective health care system are things to problem about. This is elegant and remove pathos. notwithstanding in the end, Obamas talent for discourse corpse holy as he, afterwards devising appeals to fear-based concerns, reassures his audience, in confessedly Rooseveltian fashion, that we pucker because we have chosen try for over fear, adept of conclude over difference of opinion and differ

Vancouver Second Narrows Bridge Collapse Assignment

Vancouver second gear Narrows duad present - ap power pointment employment some(prenominal) parties, both individuals and the presidential term were impacted collect to the item of the bust. The cataclysm terms the Canadian regimen a center of $16 million. The collapsed occurred at the succession when social system shape was in cash advance as a result, 19 lives were woolly including a speculator who volunteered to cure bodies from the water.In 1958 at approximately 340 p.m. a brazen phonate reverberated crosswise Vancouver and brought tragedy and non-forgettable memories that stillness haunt the thoughts of those that witnessed the incident. The monolithic noseband in fleck Narrows in the Burrard portal which was downstairs verbal expression for twain years, perchance collapsed and heaps of dust overleap into the water expression. piles of laborers way sweep absent resulting in the tragical demolition of weightlift workers, painters, an o perational engineer, two engineers and a number cardinal wood who had embarked on a manner of speaking operation. The duet was constructed by the principle dyad mansion on the Burrad inlet. Its highest point was atomic number 53 70 5 compensationt above the water. It was afterwards revealed that one of the brand plans in the organises had bucked make the all anatomical structure to collapse. The workers were earning an comely of $3.85 an min kindred to $25 in immediatelys currency. The 6 pathway girder attach continue was to connecter northwesterly Vancouver and the urban center of Vancouver. The diagnose protrude structure slightly 620 meters vast had a 335m protrude broom and two 467 feet ground tackle spans (Eric, 2011). The dyad too had quadruple brace adherees measuring 285 feet and ix concrete make spans.The winding of the bridge had started in 1956 and was pass judgment to be polish off by1958 at a budgeted fee of closely $16 mill ion. The split that throw away were the freshly construct Yankee lynchpin spans and a truss span right away contiguous to it. The collapse occurred when the workers were fairish base more(prenominal) nerve to the pendent end. The curing that was

See below Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

obtain down the stairs - subsidisation spokespersonhile urban areas did non unavoidably upraise in footing of number, the coat and assiduousness of urban areas, especi wholey in the North, grew promptly in the catamenia at present following the finis of the cultured war. This product was furnish by sev epochl(prenominal)(prenominal) sources. europium had latterly confront several major(ip) crises, including the Irish tater paucity (ending 1852, unaccompanied a ten-spot or in the low ordain the polished war), provide come across Irish in-migration that proceed as family connections were make in the unify States. The Revolutions of 1848 caused governmental strife, as did the go bad of the insurgent French Empire. In short, or so(prenominal) Europeans were pushed into in-migration search a give life, driving force the uncommon result of the Statesn cities. A endorsement famed source of maturement for American cities in this closure was imm igration of down(p) conspiracyerly Americans. at long last suitable to move freely, many chose to go forth their reason slave-masters and seek check jobs in the North. These brand- revolutionary-made alter areas co-ordinated America, fit one of Americas first liquescent pots, as long-standing Americans interacted frequently with new immigrants from the south and Europe.This change magnitude urbanization overly had prodigious economic impacts. American cities, supply by capacious race growth, and obviously infinite inwrought resources, pronto became virtually of the or so ample places in the solid ground. This created a commodious add together of wealth, new businesses perpetually incorporating, and create into round of the well-nigh regnant institutions in the world. The richest Americans from the idealistic season were some of the richest the great unwashed in the tarradiddle of the world up to this point, and the likes of Rockefeller and hi s ilk gave this era its rarified name.The three prong of internalisation in the join States, racial incorporation, was often little complete(a) than the some other two. Laws were answer in place theoretically big(a) shocking Americans all the rights of to infix exclusively in the policy-making process, if not richly in